How Long Should A College Essay Be?

How Long Should A College Essay Be? Be sure to regularly monitor MyStatus until your application is listed as complete, and complete any outstanding to-do items prior to application deadlines. Read more about completing Butler School of Music application requirements on itsfreshmanorinternationaladmission webpages. At this point, each paragraph should focus on a particular idea and be organized appropriately. How to arrange a massive swirl of ideas on a paper to make it look appealing and easily digestible? Without it, even the most remarkable topics and perfect grammar will not save the day. Templates are an excellent means of understanding what form to fill your essay with and visualizing how your ideas will be arranged on paper. Help us to understand and celebrate our diversity by sharing the unique story of “you”. Look for a way to connect the ending of your essay to the themes you presented at the beginning. You might end by sharing something meaningful that that teacher said to you, or briefly summarizing how you grew as a person after taking their class. It's tempting to embellish or overstate what you've done when you're trying to make yourself stand apart from others. Graduate from a high school in the United States or in a country where English is the only official language after completing at least three years of study. Messages prompting you to submit additional items to meet major-specific requirements post to MyStatus following submission of your online application or after you’ve requested a major change. Meet thecalculus readiness requirement, and demonstrate it by submitting an appropriate test score or transcript. Submit an official record or transcript that shows all your secondary school work and grades starting with ninth grade and continuing through at least the end of 11th grade. If you are an international applicant, you must submit documentation showing that you have completed an accredited secondary school series equivalent to that of a U.S. high school. Please share how you have demonstrated leadership in either your school, job, community, and/or within your family responsibilities. You may also submit your essay using theDocument Upload Systemâ€"or by mailing them to theOffice of Admissionsâ€"although these submission methods are not preferred. Along with yourApplyTexasor Coalition for Collegeapplication, submit at least one essay. Applicants who earned a GED must submit high school transcript showing any coursework completed, along with a copy of the GED certificate. If you attend a Texas public school, your transcript should indicate the high school diploma program you will be graduating under, as defined in the state's Uniform Admission Policy. Transcripts must include your class rank in addition to information about high school coursework. Please share background on events or special circumstances that you feel may have impacted your high school academic performance, including the possible effects of COVID-19. Some colleges or programs will give you several questions or prompts to choose from, or even give you the option of responding to more than one prompt. Choose the question that you think you can answer the most effectively. Reflect on a time when you questioned or challenged a belief or idea. Recount a time when you faced a challenge, setback, or failure. This is the central part in which you need to explain each thesis, give examples and reflect on life experiences. Tell us about a journey â€" real, imagined, or metaphorical. Quality assurance specialists make sure that papers written by our professional writers are 100% unique. Make the admission board feel as though passing you by would be the biggest mistake of their lives. Track the completion of your application in MyStatusâ€"see the Admission tab. Test scores are accepted through October 1 for spring 2020 admission and December 31 for summer/fall 2020 admission. Don't limit yourself to reciting extracurriculars. When you're thinking about possible themes for your essay, remember that many applicants will have participated in the same groups and organizations as you have. To set yourself apart using the same things other people use will require some creativity. You should not do this in your essay under any circumstances. Don't say you've done something or been somewhere you haven't. For example, you could tell a story that illustrates how much you enjoy helping take care of others as a way to explain why you want to do a pre-med major.

The Framers Of The Constitution - 1703 Words

The framers of the Constitution regarded the right to free speech as a great standard they decided to make free speech the First Amendment. If society is limited to talk openly, one can t safeguard freedom of speech. Can you imagine a scenario in which the rights and everything that is freedom is gone? The right to speak freely gives us the capacity to convey thoughts without government control. The right to speak freely enables a person’s capacity to think and to express thoughts in different methods for making yourself heard, including written, verbal speeches, books, and or taped material. That is why music has changed, it is not restricted like it used to be in the past. The right to speak freely secures all speech, however offensive or disliked the speech may be, the speech is ensured. It is the insurance of freedom. By leaving the zone of correspondence absolutely free, it gives one a chance to save our individual rights and opportunities. No private activity qualifies a s restriction: the refusal to pay a consideration on others or to give them a stage to talk is an act of free speech and does not mean the privilege of free speech has been taken away. Only on the grounds that you have something to say, it doesn t mean anybody needs to hear you out. A considerable lot of the films, books, TV shows and music Americans appreciate regular are just accessible in America in light of our First Amendment rights. One s right to speak freely through self- expression as aShow MoreRelatedFramers of the Constitution1047 Words   |  5 PagesThe Framers of the Constitution and the Republicanism The constitution is the supreme law of the land. Even though it is the supreme law of the land, it is not well defined; it isn’t specific on multiple areas. Because of that, the constitution has been misjudged and miss interpreted in the past. However, there are certain parts were the Constitution is specific. It is partially specific on elements of the Constitution that embodies the republican principle of limited government, the three institutionsRead MoreThe Framers Of The Constitution Essay1797 Words   |  8 Pagesthan their European counterparts, that reputation of freedom of speech is in doubt. Students and faculty are increasingly resentful towards anyone they deem to be perpetuating hate speech, a term that has spun wildly out of control. The Framers of the Constitution certainly never wished that their great experiment of a nation would succumb to the suppression of those with unpopular ideas, especially at the places in which children are expected to become adults , and explore new, and often provocativeRead MoreThe Framers Of The Constitution930 Words   |  4 PagesThe framers of the Constitution predetermined that the Congress to be the foremost branch of the government. But not all the powers are enumerated in the Constitution, leaving some roof to the Supreme Court interpretation. Enumerated Powers, are the powers that are listed in the Constitution, which the Congress can hold to. Implied power is the last clause of the Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution. It states that Congress my pass any law that is â€Å"necessary and proper† in order to be able toRead MoreThe Framers Of The Constitution Essay1346 Words   |  6 PagesCertain interests do not change over time in our society. Over 200 years ago, the prominent concern that led to the framing of the Constitution regarded the establishment of a government that was â€Å"for the people and by the people.† The framers of the Constitution, with concern of an over po wering central government in mind, provided a basis for the structure of the federal government of the United States. The powers of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government are laid outRead MoreThe Framers And The Constitution2065 Words   |  9 PagesThe Framers chose federalism because they had already tried confederalism under the Articles of Confederation and had found that it created a central government that was too weak to do what was needed. They also did not go with a unitary system because people did not trust a central government because the people had just become free from a centralized British government that was too oppressive. Also in choosing federalism it prevented against tyranny. The want to split the power of government soRead MoreThe Framers And The Constitution2216 Words   |  9 PagesFirstly, The framers wrote the Constitution with the original intent that the philosophy of interpreting it would be strict. They wanted to clearly stat e exactly how the government will be set up and how the powers of it will be evenly distributed. If the framers were going to make a document that completes so many great objectives and perfects the flaws of the Articles of Confederation, why would they want the people who read the Constitution to interpret it loosely? Such a philosophy would defeatRead MoreThe Framers Of The Constitution2168 Words   |  9 PagesCivics and Citizenship The Framers of the Constitution looked to history for examples of governments that directly represented the people. Early Romans wanted to create a lasting republic, a government in which citizens rule themselves through elected representatives. A republic is a government in which citizens rule themselves through elected representatives. Americans liked the roman form of government but also knew that eventually the Roman republic became a dictatorship, a government in whichRead MoreThe Framers Of The Constitution1146 Words   |  5 PagesThe Framers of the Constitution in 1787 believed the people weren’t intelligent enough to choose their own leader. They were concerned how informed their voters would be and decided that the president should be elected indirectly. Thus, the Electoral College was produced. The Electoral College, fundamentally, prohibits civilians from voting directly for the president. How does this work? First, the country holds the popular vote. Every ade quate voter in every state gets one vote for the presidentRead MoreThe Framers Of The U.s. Constitution Essay1640 Words   |  7 Pagesthem possess greed that is more virtuous than individual greed. The Framers of the U.S. Constitution recognized this abuse of power and were intent to put in place a system that included separation of powers and checks and balances to protect American citizens from tyranny. Although the Constitution does not specifically address term limits on public servants in government leadership, there is evidence that some of the Framers understood that the negative effects of power hungry public officialsRead MoreThe Framers Of The U.s. Constitution1713 Words   |  7 Pages In order to understand the motivation of the Framers of the U.S. Constitution one must review the event leading up to it. When the war with Great Britain finally came to a close, the Colonialist of America became weary of what was to come. Many who were well versed in Tomas Hobbes and J ohn Locke feared, without proper action and if not too long delayed, the that states would find themselves in a State of Nature. In time, after it became clear that with the abdication of George III the sovereignty

The Fluidity Of Cloning Gender Norms Racial Bias

Alex R Biology The Fluidity of Cloning . Gender Norms Racial Bias in the Study of the Modern Cloning The sea anemone undergoing cloning thumb]] In biology, cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments, cells, or organisms. The term also refers to the production of multiple copies of a product such as digital media or software. Molecular cloning Molecular cloning refers to the process of making multiple molecules. Cloning is commonly used to amplify DNA fragments containing whole genes, but it can also†¦show more content†¦However, a number of other features are needed and a variety of specialised cloning vectors exist that allow protein expression, tagging, single stranded RNA and DNA production and a host of other manipulations. Cloning of any DNA fragment essentially involves four steps # fragmentation - breaking apart a strand of DNA # ligation - gluing together pieces of DNA in a desired sequence # transfection - inserting the newly formed pieces of DNA into cells # screening/selection - selecting out the cells that were successfully transfected with the new DNA Although these steps are invariable among cloning procedures a number of alternative routes can be selected; these are summarized as a cloning strategy. Initially, the DNA of interest needs to be isolated to provide a DNA segment of suitable size. Subsequently, a ligation procedure is used where the amplified fragment is inserted into a vector . The vector is linearised using restriction enzymes, and incubated with the fragment of interest under appropriate conditions with an enzyme called DNA ligase. Following ligation the vector with the insert of interest is transfected into cells. A number of alternative techniques are available, such as chemical sensitivation of cells, electroporation, optical injection and biolistics. Finally, the transfected cells are cultured. As the aforementioned procedures are of particularly low efficiency, there is a need to

Mexican War Free Essays

The Mexican War is often regarded as one of the United State’s most controversial wars. The idea of Manifest Destiny was beginning to consume the minds of many Democratic Americans. They wished for the United States to expand their land to possess a continental control; it was believed that more land would mean furthered economical success. We will write a custom essay sample on Mexican War or any similar topic only for you Order Now Meanwhile, the Whigs felt that the key to expanding the country was embracing the economical endeavors that were already being pursued. In order for the continent to be dominated by Americans, western expansion would need to occur, taking land from Mexico. Mexicans had long threatened that if the United States decided to impose on their territories and annex Texas, they would begin a civil war with the country. When James K. Polk, a Whig president, agreed to declare war on Mexico, turmoil began to arise. Americans were incredibly victorious and undefeated between 1846 and 1848, while the war was occurring, and accumulated extensive amounts of land that had been under Mexican rule. That is when the true war really began. American citizens in New England, the West, and the South all had very different political motives that greatly challenged the sectional interests regarding state versus federal power, betrayal of political parties, and the ideal plan for incorporating new regions into a very polarized country. When the new land was acquired from Mexico, there was a rather heated argument on whether it should be considered a â€Å"free state† or a â€Å"slave state. † In 1849, Zachary Taylor became the last Whig president and decided in favor of making California and New Mexico automatically admitted â€Å"free states.† Southerners, who were pro-slavery, were primarily Whigs and felt that their president was alienating them. Politicians supposedly standing for southern views were instead collaborating with northern efforts. Some southerners took the idea to such an extreme that they were known as â€Å"fire-eaters† and met to discuss plans for secession at the Nashville Convention. Since politicians were not staying true to their parties, it became much more difficult for American citizens to truly trust their elected officials. The North and South had such different economical priorities regarding slavery that it was hard for a political figure not to need to take a â€Å"side. † No matter which side they would have chosen, half of the country would end up being displeased. The mistrust in political parties began to break-down the two-party system within the United States. New parties such as the Know Nothing Party and the Free Soil Party began to emerge in rebellion. By 1854, the Whig Party has been disassembled entirely, and the Democrats began a split into the two most prominent modern political parties; Democrats and Republicans. The Mexican War really led the beginning of regionalization and political stance interfering with national advancement. Between the North and the South, neither side was truly able to settle about having slavery, or not having slavery, within the new states. Each wanted to force their view onto the new western lands. At the time, the federal government felt that during their annexation, they had the ability to choose the status of rights within the states. This brought about the proposal of the Compromise of 1850, by Henry Clay. Basically, the proposal meant that California would be deemed a â€Å"free state† by the federal government, but New Mexico and Utah would be granted the freedom to choose being a â€Å"free state† or a â€Å"slave state† by popular sovereignty. Since most citizens in the western areas were in favor of abolition, the North was generally pleased with this component of the compromise. However, it also worked to suit the South by passing the Fugitive Slave Law, which would allow southerners to pursue the recapturing of their escaped slaves. Abolitionists within the North were very angered by this idea, causing southerners to be more likely to antagonize northerners by invading the North in search of their African American fugitives. While the compromise was intended to give both the North and the South some benefit that they desired, each side still felt the need to overpower the other. This continued throughout the time period and reignited fiercer in 1854, after the passing of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. This act repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and again allowed popular sovereignty to decide the fate of slavery within Kansas and Nebraska. This provoked both southerners and northerners to send masses to the territories in order to try to dominate the votes. The New England Emigrant Aid Company was founded in the North to force immigrants that were against slavery into Kansas so that it would be annexed into the United States as a â€Å"free state. † The sectional dividing of the North and the South pushed citizens of each region to attempt to manipulate politics to allow new regions to reflect corresponding interests. The West was generally very trampled by northerners and southerners. The area was more undeveloped, but truly was the region that the land expansion would affect most. Westerners generally did not have a lot of political power in the mid-1800s, as citizens from the South and from New England felt they could just dominate with their views. The westerners tried not to really interfere with the feuding between the North and the South, though tended to have more similar views with the North. Only a small section of citizens in the West desired slave states, so they were rather agreeable to the Compromise of 1850. By having the compromise initiated, it would give freedom to the new western states, which was much desired. The West was very in favor of self-ruling, so popular sovereignty was greatly desired. The West remained neutral throughout the impacts of the Mexican War, and was greatly against the sectionalism it had caused. Being caught in the middle put the West in a rough position to get controlled by the other rivaling sections. It was accepted that something needed to develop a form of law and order to unite the United States together. This raised a debating question on how much should the government govern its territory, and how should new land have its fate decided. With the country sectionalized, there would always be a disagreement on which views were right to instill in the new area. Whichever should be chosen would simply further advance the domination of that interest. Henry Thoreau was a very strong anti-slavery leader, who in his essay â€Å"Civil Disobedience† wrote, â€Å"That government is best which governs least.† This stands true yet contradicting for the views of Western citizens, as they wished to be set free from the sectionalized government dictating and fighting over the new region, but also false in the sense that it was apparent that that could only truly occur if the country was able to band together as a whole. Differences needed to be overcome, and the debates after the Mexican War only alienated westerners who did not wish to be sectionalized. The Mexican War was a very influential event in American history. The impacts that it made stirred up debate that could not truly reach a true resolution. Each section of the United States had its own idea of how issues should be handled, and the federal government was not able to suit all three sections at once. The sectional interests of the North and South especially reached new extremes as political actions bounced between favoritism. The West, in result, went even more extreme in wanted their independence to choose their political stance on their own rather than get trapped in between the debate over slavery. The Untied States began its whirlwind towards continual splitting and disagreement that would eventual cause the Civil War. Between 1848 and 1855, the sectional interests overran any unity that remained in the United States as the debates that occurred eliminated trust within the government and destroyed the party system of the time. The United States was going through a stage of rapid change to find a solution that could suit each region of the country and still maintain a federal level of governing. The quest for compromise met many tedious conflicts, making the Mexican War spark the beginning of one of America’s biggest civil disagreements. How to cite Mexican War, Papers

Hospitality History Politics And Culture †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Hospitality History Politics And Culture? Answer: Introducation It is a complex task to define hospitality, since various authors have suggested that it is a social as well as commercial activity. As per the view of Brotherton (2013), hospitality could be adjudged as contemporaneous trading amongst individuals, which is entered voluntarily along with developing to improve the mutual welfare of the parties associated with the provision of food, drink and accommodation. On the other hand, Coulson et al. (2014) are of the view that hospitality is an overlap of three spatial domains, which include social, private and commercial domains. The following essay would shed light on arguments suggesting that both common themes and values are inherent in hospitality in the home and commercial hospitality. It is simply not an annex; instead, it is viewed as its self-domain. Discussion of whether commercial hospitality is just an extension of hospitality in the home: From the commercial perspective, hospitality could be explained as a formal and fair system associated with monetary swap, in which it is given in specific forms of institutions like inns and restaurants. However, these are considered as impersonal from the fundamental point of view. Thus, commercial hospitality varies from hospitality in the home, as it is an impersonal financial exchange, instead of providing personal food, accommodation and drink to the hosts. In the words of Duncan, Scott and Baum (2013), commercial activity has originated in 2000 AD through the Mesopotamian research, in which the then prevailing laws used to control the inns and the hotels. Commercial activity depicting the current hospitality scenario like big hotels, beverage and food outlets have been invented in areas like Pompeii. Accounting to the literature, by 400 BC the commercial hospitality was crucial and mandatory to bring the tourists and traders in the areas as a major source of revenue (Van Dijck 2013). In investigating commercial hospitality, it is inherent that the industry has been distinct and separate from domestic hospitality. The availability of commercial hospitality is for those individuals having no association with private hospitality or inadequately privileged in receiving the state hospitality. Consequently, Gibson (2016) stated that the ignobility of commercial hospitality is greater compared to the other kinds of hospitality. However, after the review of the history and evolution of commercial hospitality, greater amounts of judgemental literature have been found, which are not uncommon. The most significant point to mention from the above-stated literature is that commercial hospitality has not emerged in an unexpected fashion. The existence of this sector has been for nearly 4,000 years and the practice has been made across the industry, which could be segregated from domestic hospitality. With the change in nature and motives of hospitality, there has been a requirement for a breadth in definition. Social hospitality could be viewed as social setting, where the acts of hospitality and hospitableness occur collectively with the social force effects on the manufacture of drink, food and accommodation. Social hospitality develops social ties between hosts and guests in relation to social ceremonies like christenings and weddings; thus, creating a feeling of togetherness. As commented by Lashley and Morrison (2013), private domain includes the nurturing motives of those serving cook, beverages, entertainment, beds along with forming an effective environment. In this sphere, the friendly act is offered through providing food, accommodation and beverage. Friendly act offers a symbolic bond between those engaged to share hospitality for returning the favour along with hosting another occasion. Hence, within this domain of hospitality, the host plays a crucial role, which is obtained in turn without worrying for financial repayment. The values like kinship, hospitableness and social caring duty have evolved from hospitality in the home and these are found within the aspects of commercial and social hospitality. However, domestic hospitality helps in shaping the expectation of commercial and social hospitality activities, which signifies that there is a link between the three domains of hospitality. Even though there is association between domestic hospitality and commercial hospitality, there is a major difference between the hospitality concept and commercial hospitality industry. This is because of the money involved and the guest-host association. In this context, Lovell (2015) cited that commercial hospitality is needed to have a particular type of association between guests and hosts where the hosts would obtain an insight of the ways to satisfy the guests along with raising their comfort level by possessing the capability in delivering seamless services. Thus, domestic hospitality depends on the reciprocity of friendship, while commercial hospitality depends on monetary exchange. Hence, a diverse kind of guest-host relationship takes place within commercial hospitality, since the customers need to incur money for the facilities available to them. In return, the host has the responsibility of delivering effective services for meeting the expectations and desires of the gue sts. Hospitableness is an emotional and sincere kind of involvement, as it concentrates on the motivation and role of the host. From the historical perspective, commercial hospitality has been viewed as a mundane type of hospitality, in which food and drink has been provided with zero or minimal interaction between customers and staffs. Therefore, it has been recommended that commercial provision might not incorporate real hospitableness. For instance, the Sebel Hotel in Surry Hills, Sydney offers a birthday cake and surprise for the guests on their special occasions. In this case, the staffs could deliver the cake personally with surprise along with singing happy birthday song for the guests and their acquaintances. In addition, they could be provided with an additional room upgrade and a champagne bottle. The inclusion of the cake depicting the domestic domain and the birthday celebration depicting the social domain has enabled for social and sincere involvement with the guests, which results in creation of hospitability. In return, the guests would appreciate this gesture, as they are probably to return along with spreading positive word of mouth Home, on the other hand, is a place of residence, refuge and safety, which might be linked to a geographical area or no physical location (Lynch 2017). Home is viewed as a setting and it could be viewed as a hospitality setting. There is increasing flexibility between the home spaces because of technological innovation and the increasingly common merger of leisure and work. A commercial home in the context of tourism and leisure takes into account a group of owner-occupied small-sized businesses like guesthouses providing food, drink and accommodation, comfort and safety along with bed and breakfasts (Molz 2014). The commercial homes intend to target different groups of consumers desiring for a high specialised experience and want to be welcome as guests, instead of customers. Under this situation, commercial homes could be argued as an extension of hospitality in the home, even though the basis of this host-guest association is developed on monetary exchange and not on friendly terms. Hence, a commercial home is just a combination of private and commercial domains minutely. On the other hand, host denotes equalisation of a stranger to another host, allowing the same to stay protected along with providing guidance to the next destination (Osman, Johns and Lugosi 2014). The establishments of commercial hospitality like hotels intend to develop a home away from home for the guests along with accomplishing this by developing a positive hots-guest association by enabling them to feel protected and safe. In the current era, the hotels have emerged as functional places offering expected facilities like those one would find their houses. Furthermore, the individuals are converting their own houses into replica hotel suites; thus, bringing the fantasising aspect into their house lives. In the words of Ryan (2015), popular hotels like Hilton have included extended up-stay residential suites to their range. For instance, it has formed Hilton Home 2 Suites for the long stay guests especially a house away from house. These suites are targeted mainly for the business travellers that prefer to stay above 10 nights in a hotel (Teng and Chang 2013). The visitors or guests are offered a suite having an attached kitchen, magazines and books tailored to them and complimentary breakfast at a reasonable price. It has been inherent that the individuals strive for domestic hospitality and in response; the commercial hospitality firms like Hilton have started to blend aspects of the private domain into the commercial activities. In order to conclude, the insight of hospitality activities could be segregated into three different domains that include social, commercial and private or domestic domains. All these domains are different individually, as they hold identical values of hospitality like kinship, hospitableness and duty of care. The past commercial hospitality was seen as impersonal financial exchange. However, the concept of commercial hospitality has changed with the4 passage of time and the ways through which the integration of the three major domains has enhanced the activity of commercial hospitality. The fundamental distinction between hospitality in the home and commercial hospitality is due to the host-guest association. Within this domestic domain, an association depends on friendship, while a commercial association depends on monetary exchange. Hence, this depicts that commercial hospitality is distinguishable and it could be found in its own domain. It is not an extension of hospitality in t he home.; References: Brotherton, B., 2013. Hospitality and hospitality.Search of Hospitality. Coulson, A.B., MacLaren, A.C., McKenzie, S. and O'Gorman, K.D., 2014. Hospitality codes and social exchange theory: The Pashtunwali and tourism in Afghanistan.Tourism Management,45, pp.134-141. Duncan, T., Scott, D.G. and Baum, T., 2013. The mobilities of hospitality work: An exploration of issues and debates.Annals of Tourism Research,41, pp.1-19. Gibson, S., 2016.Mobilizing hospitality: The ethics of social relations in a mobile world. Routledge. Lashley, C. and Morrison, A., 2013.In search of hospitality. Routledge. Lovell, J., 2015. THE USES OF FOREIGNERS IN MAO-ERA CHINA:TECHNIQUES OF HOSPITALITYAND INTERNATIONAL IMAGE-BUILDING IN THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC, 19491976.Transactions of the Royal Historical Society,25, pp.135-158. Lynch, P., 2017. Mundane welcome: Hospitality as life politics.Annals of Tourism Research,64, pp.174-184. Molz, J.G., 2014. Toward a network hospitality.First Monday,19(3). Osman, H., Johns, N. and Lugosi, P., 2014. Commercial hospitality in destination experiences: McDonald's and tourists' consumption of space.Tourism Management,42, pp.238-247. Ryan, C., 2015. Trends in hospitality management research: a personal reflection.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,27(3), pp.340-361. Teng, C.C. and Chang, J.H., 2013. Mechanism of customer value in restaurant consumption: Employee hospitality and entertainment cues as boundary conditions.International Journal of Hospitality Management,32, pp.169-178. Van Dijck, J., 2013.The culture of connectivity: A critical history of social media. Oxford University Press.

History of Attachment Theory free essay sample

Abstract How relationships are developed and the people that they are developed with as a child, is critical to the development of behaviors and relationships in adulthood. The theory of attachment in based solely around this very principle. The patterns a child displays towards primary caregivers and how those caregivers respond to the needs of that child will predict how that child will respond to relationship and change as an adult. Attachment Theory The forces that drive relationships between individuals and the affects those forces have on them, define the theory of attachment. It is said to have become the dominant approach in understanding interpersonal relationships (Bretherton, 1992). The relationships developed from the time of infancy are critical to the development of relationships throughout that childs life. Within attachment theory, attachment defines an affectionate connection between two individuals. Such relationships may also be mutual between two adults, but when applied to the relationship between a child and a caregiver, these bonds are based on that childs need for safety, security and protection; qualities that are fundamental in infancy nd childhood. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Attachment Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are different classifications for how children, as well as adults, attach to other individuals. These attachment classifications can forecast how well or how poor the infant will engage in relationships in their adult life. Although there are a number of psychologists whose work was centered on attachment theory, the research that has been done so far to support it can mostly be credited to the work of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. While their work was done decades ago, it is still prominent, and relative to the views of modern psychology. What is Attachment Theory? Infants become connected to adults who are caring and respond to their needs when socially interacting with them, and who remain consistent as caregivers between the ages of about six months to two years. At the stage in an infants life when they begin to crawl and walk, they start using familiar people, also known as attachment tgures, as a dependable basis to center their lives around. The response they receive from those attachment fgures leads to the development of attachment patterns and internal works that guide their perceptions, emotions, thoughts, and expectations in later relationships (Stern, 1985). Even though the origins of attachment theory are based on the effects the caregiver has on the infant, the child also, in turn, affects the caregiver. This process is referred to as mutual regulation (Tronick, 1989). In order for the caregiver to give the child a sense of security, they must be able to adapt to the behaviors of the child. The caregivers sensitivity and responsiveness is a crucial contribution to the ability for that child to regulate their emotions and develop an attachment (Stern, 1985). The Work of John Bowlby Attachment theory in psychology originates with the influential work of John Bowlby, who is known as the father of attachment theory. In the early 1900s, Bowlby worked as a psychiatrist in a Child Guidance Clinic in London, where he treated many emotionally disturbed children (McLeod, 2009). He believed that early experiences in childhood greatly affect the on ones behavior and development throughout life. Being that he suffered from the effects of separation and lacking a consistent caregiver, he took his work with attachment theory very personal and could relate to the children he dealt with. John Bowlby believed that there were four different points hat contributed to attachment: proximity maintenance, safe haven, secure base, and separation distress (Cherry, 2002). Proximity maintenance is a childs need to be around the people that they have grown attached to. When a child seeks their caregiver for comfort when faced with fear or when they feel threatened, that person is considered a safe haven. The childs caregiver is considered a secure base when they are the center of security and the child feels safe enough to explore the surrounding environment. If the child becomes uneasy about being away from their caregiver, they are displaying separation distress. John Bowlby had a huge contribution to the theory of attachment; however, he was Just one of the many important psychologists who studied this area. Mary Ainsworths Strange Situation In the 1970s, psychologist Mary Ainsworth expanded on Bowlbys groundbreaking work in her renowned Strange Situation experiment. This study involved observing toddlers between the ages of 12 and 18 months and their responses to being briefly separated from their mothers. The Strange Situation was formatted into several parts that extended over the course of 20 minutes. First the mother and child enter into layroom with toys that would interest toddler of that age, where they are then joined by an unfamiliar woman. While the stranger is playing with the toddler, the mother leaves but returns after a brief amount of time away from the room. Then, both the mother and the strange woman leave, and the toddler is left completely alone. Finally, the stranger returns to the room with the mother following shortly after (Bretherton, 1992). Ainsworth became fascinated with the unexpected responses of the children upon being separated and then reunited with their mothers. A few of the children were angry with their mothers upon their return to he room; they cried and reached out for their mothers when they were reunited with them but were not easily consoled. Instead, they showed their ambivalence by fighting with the mother. Some of the children, although they periodically looked for their mothers, seemed unmoved by the mothers return and even avoided her. Atter gathering more information on the toddlers who were ambivalent or avoidant towards their mothers when they returned, it was discovered that those childrens home lives were not as pleasant as the children who sought close interaction when their mothers returned (Bretherton, 1992). These observations were the basis for Ainsworths three major styles of attachment. Secure attachment described the children who were slightly unsettled by their mother leaving but were able to be calmed down, somewhat played while the mother was away but relieved when she returned. These children are predicted to develop healthy relationships throughout their lives. Anxious/ambivalent attachment describes the children who were upset that their mother left, not really explorative, could not be consoled by the stranger, wanted contact with their mother when she returned, but were still not easily settled y her. These children are said to be insecure an inconsistent as adults. Avoidant children are ones who are emotionally distant and were not really moved by their mothers leaving or returning to the room. They tend to be Just as emotionally detached as adults. Disorganized Attachment A fourth category was established when a considerable amount of children defied the classifications set by Mary Ainsworth following her Strange Situation experiment (Main Solomon, 1990). When a child has a disorganized attachment, they have an unclear attachment behavior. Their responses are mixed; sometimes avoidant and ometimes even resistant. They are described as being in a daze and some where even apprehensive in the presence of their mother. Main and Solomon (1986) proposed that this behavior was due to inconsistent behavior from the parents. Later research suggests that parents who impart both fear and comfort in their children cause a disorganized attachment style (Main and Hesse, 1990). The child becomes confused because they feel frightened but also reassured. Adults who developed a disorganized attachment as children, are usually more unpredictable, intrusive, and either easily frightened or frightening. Attachment in Adults In the 1980s, more interest in adult attachment began to evolve. One of the reasons this occurred was because labs were conducting longitudinal studies on effects of attachment (Sonkin, 2005). The children from the Strange Situation study had grown up and researchers began to observe the continuity of their attachment patterns. Although the behaviors of infant and adult attachment are similar, the terms to define adult attachment are different. Children who are securely attached are referred to as autonomous adults; ambivalent children are called preoccupied dults; avoidant children are known as dismissing adults; and disorganized children are classified as unresolved adults (Sonkin, 2005). Upon doing research on attachment in adults, three major points were developed. First is that the attachment behaviors of a child can be predicted by the attachment behaviors displayed in the parent. Second, the attachment behaviors a child has will continue throughout adolescence and into adulthood. Although maturity and experiences can cause a change in attachment classification in either direction, it is not commonly seen. Lastly, insecurely attached adults have a harder time adjusting to change than adults who are securely attached (Sonkin, 2005). The two most commonly used methods for assessing attachment in adults are interviews and self-report scales. Mary Main developed Adult Attachment Interview ( l) which is the interview most commonly used. It is comprised of 20 questions that ask about an individuals positive and negative experiences with their parents as a child and also with their own children. Main believed the emotions generated when a person is telling their tory determines how they tell it (Sonkin, 2005). Securely attached adults stories tend to be easier to follow. Dismissive adults had short stories and could not remember many childhood memories experiences; they either denied the negative experiences or Justified that they made them a stronger, more independent person. Preoccupied adults were more long-winded and dwelled on their negative perception of childhood memories; their stories are complicated and harder for the reader to follow. Disorganized adults had gaps when describing negative experiences during their childhood (Sonkin, 2005). dult. The research that has been done on this theory helps to understand the dynamics of how important these relationships are. http://www.psychology.sunysb.edu/ http://www.psychology.sunysb.edu/attachment/online/online_index.html https://www.simplypsychology.org/ https://www.simplypsychology.org/cognitive.html https://www.simplypsychology.org/wundt.html http://www.camft.org/ http://www.camft-sandiego.org/

How to Use Verbs of Change in Japanese

How to Use Verbs of Change in Japanese There are many verbs that express change in Japanese. The most basic one is, naru (to become). The verb naru is used in [Noun ni naru] and [basic Verb you ni naru]. "~ Ni Naru" Michiko wa kyonen bengoshi ni narimashita. é â€œÃ¥ ­ Ã£  ¯Ã¥Å½ »Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥ ¼ Ã¨ ­ ·Ã¥ £ «Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿ.Michiko became a lawyer last year.Yamada-sensei wa rainen kouchou ni narimasu. Ã¥ ± ±Ã§â€ °Ã¥â€¦Ë†Ã§â€Å¸Ã£  ¯Ã¦  ¥Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¦   ¡Ã©â€¢ ·Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€šMr. Yamada will become principal next year.Tomoko wa hirou no tame, byouki ni narimashita. æ™ ºÃ¥ ­ Ã£  ¯Ã§â€" ²Ã¥Å  ´Ã£  ®Ã£ Å¸Ã£â€š Ã£â‚¬ Ã§â€"…æ °â€"㠁 «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã€‚  Tomoko became sick from fatigue.Mada natsu ni narimasen. 㠁 ¾Ã£   Ã¥ ¤ Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ‚  Summer has not yet come. In these sentences, the words, bengoshi kouchou byouki and natsu all express the resulting state. As for the fourth example, the subject is omitted. Natures seasonal changes, such as it getting hotter and spring arriving, are described using naru. For example, natsu ni narimashita Ã¥ ¤ Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿ, which literally means, it has become summer. The English expression would be summer has come. Change in Adjectives Change in state may be expressed not only by nouns, as seen in the examples above, but also by adjectives. When accompanied by adjectives, they take adverbial form. As for the I-adjective, replace the final ~ i with ~ ku to make the adverbial form. Ookii Ã¥ ¤ §Ã£  Ã£ â€ž (big) ookiku (naru) Ã¥ ¤ §Ã£  Ã£  (㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€¹)Atarashii æâ€" °Ã£ â€"㠁„ (new) - atarashiku (naru) æâ€" °Ã£ â€"㠁 (㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€¹)Atsui 暑㠁„ (hot) - atsuku (naru) 暑㠁 (㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€¹)Yasui Ã¥ ®â€°Ã£ â€ž (cheap) - yasuku (naru) Ã¥ ®â€°Ã£  (㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€¹) As for Na-adjective, replace the final ~ na with ~ ni. Kireina 㠁 Ã£â€šÅ'㠁„㠁 ª (pretty) kireini (naru) 㠁 Ã£â€šÅ'㠁„㠁 «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€¹Yuumeina æÅ"‰å  Ã£  ª (famous) - yuumeini (naru) æÅ"‰å  Ã£  «(㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€¹)Genkina å…Æ'æ °â€"㠁 ª (healthy) - genkini (naru) å…Æ'æ °â€"㠁 «(㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€¹)Shizukana é â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£  ª (quiet) - shizukani (naru) é â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£  «(㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€¹) Here are some examples with adjectives: Koinu wa sugu ni ookiku narimasu. Ã¥ ­ Ã§Å  ¬Ã£  ¯Ã£ â„¢Ã£  Ã£  «Ã¥ ¤ §Ã£  Ã£  Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€šThe puppy will become big quickly.Atatakaku narimashita ne. æšâ€"㠁‹ã  Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã  ­Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ‚  It has gotten warm, hasnt it?Ano mise wa totemo yuumei ni narimashita. 㠁‚㠁 ®Ã¥ ºâ€"㠁 ¯Ã£  ¨Ã£  ¦Ã£â€šâ€šÃ¦Å"‰å  Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã€‚The store has become very famous. "~ You Ni Naru" ~ you ni naru usually indicates a gradual change. It can be translated as, come to ~; it has come to be that ~; has finally become etc. Nanshii wa nihongo ga sukoshi hanaseru you ni natta. ãÆ'ŠãÆ' ³Ã£â€š ·Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£  ¯Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã¨ ªÅ¾Ã£ Å'Ã¥ °â€˜Ã£ â€"è © ±Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€šNancy is finally able to speak Japanese a little.Youyaku kanojo no kimochi ga wakaru you ni narimashita. よ㠁†ã‚„㠁 Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã£  ®Ã¦ °â€"æÅ' Ã£  ¡Ã£ Å'ã‚ Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã€‚Ive finally come to understand her feelings.Hiroshi wa nandemo yoku taberu you ni narimashita. Ã¥ Å¡Ã£  ¯Ã¤ ½â€¢Ã£  §Ã£â€šâ€šÃ© £Å¸Ã£  ¹Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã€‚  Hiroshi has come to eat everything well.Chichi wa sake o nomanai you ni natta. çˆ ¶Ã£  ¯Ã©â€¦â€™Ã£â€šâ€™Ã© £ ²Ã£  ¾Ã£  ªÃ£ â€žÃ£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ‚  My father has reached the point where he doesnt drink sake.Muzukashii kanji mo yomeru you ni natta. é› £Ã£ â€"㠁„æ ¼ ¢Ã¥ ­â€"ã‚‚è ª ­Ã£â€š Ã £â€šâ€¹Ã£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ‚  I have come to read even the difficult kanji. You ni by itself can be used as an adverbial phrase, along with other verbs (not just, naru). For example, Kare wa nihongo o nihon jin no you ni hanasu Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã£  ¯Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã¨ ªÅ¾Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã¤ º ºÃ£  ®Ã£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£  «Ã¨ © ±Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š (He speaks Japanese like a Japanese person.) "~ Koto Ni Naru" While, ~ you ni naru describes a shift or change, focusing on the result itself, ~ koto ni naru is often used when someones decision, or an arrangement, is involved. It translates to, it will be decided that ~; come about ~; turn out that ~. Even if the speaker decides to do something, it sounds more indirect and more humble to use this structure rather than using, koto ni suru (decide to do). Watashi wa raigetsu kara ginkou ni tsutomeru koto ni narimashita. ç § Ã£  ¯Ã¦  ¥Ã¦Å"ˆã â€¹Ã£â€šâ€°Ã©Å â‚¬Ã¨ ¡Å'㠁 «Ã¥â€¹ ¤Ã£â€š Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£ â€œÃ£  ¨Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã€‚It has been decided that the bank will employ me next month.Rainen go-gatsu ni kekkon suru koto ni narimashita. æ  ¥Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¤ ºâ€Ã¦Å"ˆã  «Ã§ µ Ã¥ ©Å¡Ã£ â„¢Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£ â€œÃ£  ¨Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã€‚Its been arranged that I will get married next May.Nihon dewa kuruma wa hidarigawa o hashiru koto ni natteiru. æâ€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã£  §Ã£  ¯Ã¨ »Å Ã£  ¯Ã¥ · ¦Ã¥  ´Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¨ µ °Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£ â€œÃ£  ¨Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£  £Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã£â‚¬â€šIn Japan, cars are supposed to be driven on the left side.Kyou Tanaka-san ni au koto ni natte imasu. ä »Å Ã¦â€" ¥Ã§â€ °Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¨Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã£ â€ Ã£ â€œÃ£  ¨Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£  £Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€šIts been arranged that Im going to see Mr. Tanaka today.Maiku wa nihon de eigo o oshieru koto ni naru deshou. ãÆ'žã‚ ¤Ã£â€š ¯Ã£  ¯Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã£  §Ã¨â€¹ ±Ã¨ ªÅ¾Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¦â€¢â„¢Ã£ Ë†Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£ â€œÃ£  ¨Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã£  §Ã£ â€"ょ㠁†ã€‚It may turn out that Mike will teach English in Japan.